[33] Since then, other women have officiated Division I college football games. Each team gets two challenges per game. Officials' hats are occasionally used as markers. [46] Her first game as referee was Morgan State at Rutgers. List of National Football League officials, NFL Back Judge 199091 Referee 1992 to 2017, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_National_Football_League_officials&oldid=1142536522, Dave Anderson (19842002) Head Linesman; Line Judge, Ron Baynes (19872000) Side Judge 1987; Line Judge 19882000, Grover Klemmer (19551981) Head Linesman 19551966, Back Judge 19671977, Side Judge 19781981, George A Sladky, Sr (19861991) Replay Official, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 23:52. So a total of 8-9 referees handle a football match in 2019. During an NFL football game, a line judge can call out of bounds, make a call, or assist with the chain crew. 29 Likes, 0 Comments - Liberty Hill Football Boosters (@lhpantherfootball) on Instagram: "It's OFFICIAL! The CFL did the same the following year. It is important to note that the pressure on game balls should be between 12.5 and 13.5 psi, or 12.5 to 135.0 psi. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. In gridiron football, an official is a person who has responsibility in enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. It began opposite the head linesman and was used on extra-point tries and field goals. In 2014, several high school associations started mandating the wearing of the black slacks for varsity level games. The NFL announced on Tuesday the hiring of 10 new on-field game officials for the . Here are some facts about the NFLs game balls. The umpire makes sure that the offense has no more than 11 players on the field and checks the legality of player's equipment. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. NFL officials have said that inflated balls should be in a range between 12.5 and 13.5 pounds per square inch, but the latest report indicates that the pressures of 11 Patriots game balls were below that range. You can find the Assistant Referees on either side of the touchline. After the game, the Patriots equipment staff had been informed of this incident and the NFL contacted its vice president of game operations, Mike Kensil. During most of the American Football League's existence (19601967), officials wore red-orange striped jerseys. They instruct the chain crew and keep an eye on offside players and possible encroachment. What are the 4 officials in football? However, they have promised to take the necessary steps to make the game balls safe for players. In 2007, Sarah Thomas became the first woman to officiate a major college football game, working a game between Memphis and Jacksonville State. The line judge (L or LJ) assists the head linesman/down judge at the other end of the line of scrimmage, looking for possible offsides, encroachment and other fouls before the snap. These reports led to the NFL changing its policy and procedures surrounding game balls. In high school the line judge is the official timekeeper of the game. He will take the primary Head Referees position if he cannot fulfill his role for any reason. If there is a disagreement between officials, the referee will step in and make the decision. If the coach doesnt deliver the game ball to the team, the fans can demand it. During each play from scrimmage, the referee is positioned behind the offensive team, favoring the right side (if the quarterback is a right-handed passer). However, this range does not always correspond to reality. The United States Football League, which played from February to July in its three-season existence from 1983 to 1985, allowed officials to wear black shorts for warm-weather games. The side judge makes sure the defensive team has no more than 11 players on the field and watches all eligible receivers from that side of the field. In addition, tight end C.J. However, Kensil did not respond to requests for comment. After it has been established that the running back will keep the ball, the referee then checks the running back and the contact behind him. A back-up ball will be used if necessary. Football officials are commonly, but incorrectly, referred to collectively as referees, but each position has specific duties and a specific name: Common positions include referee (which is the lead member of the officiating team), umpire, head linesman (or down judge), line judge, field judge (or back umpire), side judge, back judge and center judge. Allen Baynes ( 2008 -present) Side Judge. Finally, in 1988, the NFL switched to the high-school and college football convention: the referee wears a white hat (with the NFL logo since Super Bowl XXXIX), and the other officials wear black hats with white stripes. The replay official is located upstairs in the stadium of the game played. How Many Officials Are Needed For A Game To Take Place? The referee determines any fouls for roughing the passer and, if the quarterback loses the ball, determines whether the ball was fumbled or if an incomplete pass had been thrown. The rules for roughing the passer in an NFL football game are now more clearer than ever. [13] The following year, the CFL followed suit with the name change. On running plays, the referee observes the quarterback during and after the time he hands off the ball to a running back, focusing on him until the action has cleared in case the play becomes a play action pass or some other trick passing play. If a player not carrying the ball steps out of bounds (a wide receiver running a deep passing route or a player running downfield on punt coverage, for example), the official will drop his hat to mark the spot of where the player went out of bounds. There is the referee, umpire, line judge, side judge, down judge, back judge, field judge and replay official. Referee's Decision Making The referee makes and calls decisions to the best of his or her ability. If a team makes two successful challenges, they are awarded a third challenge. To become an NFL referee, you have to have at least 10 years of experience as a lineman. Like the field judge, the side judge makes decisions near the sideline on the nearest side of field, judging the action of nearby running backs, receivers and defenders. False Start in Football - Definition and Explanation. Free shipping for many products! The alternate judge will also help spot the ball. Starting off at the top, the Head Referee is in charge of overseeing and enforcing the rules of the game in play. FIFA only stipulates that for professional 11-versus-11 competition, the length must be between 100 yards and 130 yards and the width between 50 and 100 yards. Watches the quarterback during pass plays. In addition to the general equipment listed above, the head linesman/down judge also carries a chain clip that is used by the chain crew to properly place the chains and ensure an accurate spot when measuring for a first down. Supervising player substitutions, giving the go-ahead for the substitutions, and letting the ref know to stop play when the ball next goes out of the field so these subs can be made. In addition to random testing and inspections, game balls are still inflated to a range between 12.5 and 13.5 PSI. On punts and field goal attempts, the line judge also determines whether the kick is made from behind the line of scrimmage. In other leagues, the responsibility is assigned to the field judge or the back judge. The referee will place this marking on the side of the ball, on the corner of the non-insignia panels. It has an elastic loop attached to it that is wrapped around the fingers. As a result, they can earn up to half a million dollars per year if they work full-time. During a play, a side judge may make a false start call, and back up the head line judge when necessary. In Major League Soccer (MLS), three officials make up the crew members who will oversee the match: a referee and two assistants. A referee is appointed to a football game in order to apply the Laws of the Game so that it is played fairly and safely. Its simply not possible to officiate every game in real time. The latest report suggests that 10 of the balls were below the regulation range, while the 11th football may have been two pounds under that limit. This referee positions himself behind the line of scrimmage, around ten feet into the defensive backfield. Together with the back judge, the field judge rules whether field goal attempts are successful. In addition to marking out-of-bounds plays, the side judge is also responsible for monitoring defensive substitutions and monitoring the game clock. An official is responsible for interpreting the rules of the game and enforcing them on the football field. [13][36] In 2017, she was an alternate in an NFL wild card game. Having three Referees in full view of the action of the pitch makes the decisions more reliable and fairer. During the game, the officials gathered the 11 Patriots balls, which were presumably at 12.5 PSI when they were first inflated. In another example, a player whod just learned of Vogels firing walked out of the arena clutching the game ball. Diagram showing the relative positions of the eight-official system. It is most common for high school football games to have five officials, although this number can change depending on the league and state that games are played in. Proponents also argue that there is only one game per week and the regular season is only four months long, and that having full-time officials does not necessarily guarantee that they will make fewer officiating mistakes. If there is a disagreement between officials, the referee will step in and make the decision. They also watch the sideline to determine if a player is in or out of bounds. In the XFL, there is one official dedicated to spotting the ball, with the purpose to reduce downtime during the game. The pants were black with no stripe and used the same hat system (white for the referee, black for all other officials) as all other levels of football. However, it is important to note that you should be sure about your qualifications before applying. Hi, my name is Steven Anderson and I am passionate about all sports - from soccer to ice hockey, basketball to baseball. Originally Answered: How many officials are in football? In 1979, the referees changed to black hats with white stripes, while the other officials continued to wear white ones. The challenge flag must be thrown before the ball is snapped to start the next play. The back judge is responsible for monitoring the area between the umpire and the field judge. Referees and other officials need to ensure the game remains fair and safe for all players, according to the rules of the game. For years, college football referees were prohibited from announcing the number of a fouling player, except in the Western Athletic Conference and Mountain West Conference (and in all conferences when ejecting the offending player). They help the Head Referee make any decisions by giving their input based on what theyve seen, but ultimately, the Head Referee has the final say. [16][17] The side judge was added for 1978, when the NFL implemented new rules to open up the passing game. The Umpire. How to Deal With Spectator Abuse: Advice for Referees, What Makes A Great Soccer Referee? Roles of The Match Officials. How many judges are in a football game? Each penalty results in different consequences, but the same yellow flag is thrown regardless of which penalty occurred. The NFL now acknowledges that the previous procedures were insufficient. The Atlantic Coast Conference, Big Ten Conference, American Athletic Conference, and Big 12 Conference implemented an eight-official system for games; the eighth official's position name changed to center judge (C) but this judge's location on the field was the same as the alternate judge was in 2013. At the start of the 1998 season, the NFL switched position titles of Back Judge and Field Judge. The umpire stands opposite the referee, also behind the line of scrimmage. In college football, the NFL, and other professional leagues, and in some high school games, the referee announces penalties and the numbers of the players committing them (required for college and professional games; high school referees are no longer prohibited from announcing the number of a player committing a foul), and clarifies complex and/or unusual rulings over a wireless microphone to both fans and the media. We do this to improve browsing experience and to show personalized ads. The lower pressure makes them easier to grasp and catch. One of the roles of the back judge is to make sure the defensive team has no more than 11 players on the field. In CFL football, the replay official is not located at the stadium itself, but rather at the CFL Command Centre at the CFL Head Office in Toronto. However, in Canada, the Canadian Football Hall of Fame has inducted a few game officials as members of their Hall of Fame. Watches the line of scrimmage for holding, illegal blocks, or other penalties. The NFL imposes rules for this offense that require the referee to call the foul when in doubt. Each official has a specific position and responsibilities during the game: Positions of the different officials R - Referee [41][46] For the defunct 2019 Alliance of American Football, and the 2020 XFL, she works as center judge. In its single aborted season in 2019, The Alliance of American Football's officials wore shirts that are black and white on top with stripes from the middle down, white stars on the sleeves and the number on the back and on the left front pocket. Strong backgrounds in College Football are represented as 33 of the 35 USFL officials have worked in Power Five Conferences (ACC, Big Ten, Big 12, PAC-12, and SEC). The NFL transitioned to the gender-neutral term down judge in 2017, when it moved Sarah Thomas to the position. During the start of passing plays, they watch the receivers near their sideline to a point five to seven yards beyond the line of scrimmage. In gridiron football, an official is a person who has responsibility in enforcing the rules and maintaining the order of the game. The practice of having the referee announce penalties or clarify complex and/or unusual rulings over a wireless microphone started in the NFL in 1975. In every NFL game, there are seven officials on the field.Each official has different roles and responsibilities. The NFL adopted the gender-neutral term down judge in 1997, and the CFL followed suit in 2017. Incidental contact is not a violation. Referees There is one female NFL referee, Sarah Thomas. The NFL has implemented new procedures in the handling of game balls, including checking the air pressure at halftime. The ball is placed at the opponent's two-yard line after a touchdown. If the side judge is correct, the play will be reviewed by the head line judge and the head linesman. Since the program began in 2010, 160 graduates have officiated in youth and high school leagues. The number of female referees in English football has increased by 72% since 2016, the Football Association has revealed. Each of these roles is crucial to the match and helps to keep the game fair and the judgment accurate. The first new addition to the crew was the field judge (also referred to as the back umpire) in 1951, then the next addition being the back judge in 1979, and the seventh official, the side judge being added in 1991. In addition, the Line Judge can call a pass interference, illegal shifts, or holding a player. All the officials minus the replay official are on the field during play. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Officials also wear a black belt, black shoes, and a baseball cap. A football is one of the most important possessions in the game. Side judges rule on pass interference, illegal blocks downfield, and incomplete passes, and also count defensive players. Checking and inspecting the substitutes equipment and making sure it is all correct and regulated. The head linesman rules on all out-of-bounds plays along the sideline where positioned. The side judge is the official positioned 20 yards deep in the defensive backfield near the same sideline as the head linesman. A specially designed wristband that is used to remind officials of the current down. In the NFL, the referee also has final authority on the score and the down number in case of any disagreement. Afterwards, the line judge moves back towards the line of scrimmage, ruling if a pass is forward, a lateral, or if it is illegally thrown beyond the line of scrimmage. However, after the injuries of the umpires, NFL officials moved back to their defensive side during play. The umpire monitors the legality of play on the line of scrimmage with a special emphasison offensive holdingand illegal linemen down field. Three is the maximum number of challenges a team may use in a game. Inflation standards for game balls in the NFL have been in place for decades. There are some nuances to the officials on the field, as not every official or referee has the same role. The average salary for NFL referees was $205,000 in 2019, up $55,000 from the previous year. Anything above or below these numbers will be deflated. The rules regarding game balls are available at Pro Football Talk. A football referee rules and controls with full authority. A referee team usually consists of two Assistant Referees. Learn more about NFL football referees below! Three years ago, Bruce Arians of the Arizona Cardinals said that he and his team would scout the officiating crew each week. The back judge stands in the defensive backfield in the middle of the field. Read on to learn more about what happens to the game balls after the game. [37] She is also doing replay officiating for the XFL. This incident will be investigated further. 2. In the NFL he is the backup time keeper if something happens to the clock. Sometimes something can happen in a match and only a few players actually see it, such as an unfair tackle or the ball going offside and the Head Referee is there to ensure that the game is being played as fairly as possible with as little violence. [31], For the 2015 and 2019 NFL preseasons, for 8 and 2 games respectively, the NFL experimented with the umpire (U2),[25] positioned in the offensive backfield. They do so according to the Laws of the Game and the spirit of the game. There is also one female replay official.[41]. Reserve Referees and Assistant Referees. The back judge (B or BJ) stands deep behind the defensive secondary in the middle of the field, judging the action of nearby running backs, receivers (primarily the tight ends) and nearby defenders. During professional and most college football games, seven officials operate on the field. They also keep the referee informed of the current downand make rulings for sideline plays on their half of the field. A few of these balls are reused for practice or game balls, and some are donated to charity. The umpire is the official that lines up approximately five yards off the line of scrimmage on the defensive side of the ball. Some players collect game balls and keep them for years after the game. For the NFL, this was the fourth official, added in 1929. But despite the low pressure, the ball did not feel soft. The back judge is the official who sets up 20 yards deep in the defensive backfield on the wide receiver side of the field. In this article, we will be looking into it and answering that question! Each team must have at least one ball available at all times, so that the players can test them. They must contain at least 12.5 pounds of air and cant exceed 13.5 PSI. Transitioning during turnovers, punts, and other returns. However, the NFL has not ruled on the Patriots yet. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Kicking the ball through the goal posts is a tougher kick to make than kicking an extra point, and the offense is often hesitant to attempt it. The assistant referee may enter the field of play to help control the 9.15m (10 yards) distance. [12] From 2010 to 2015, the umpire returned to the defensive side of the line of scrimmage during the last five minutes of the second half. It must be in tiptop shape and inflated properly. The line judge is on the opposite side of the field from the down judge. Though they dont spend much time on the pitch, the Fourth Offical is a key part of the game and act as the glue of the four officials, keeping them all together and keeping the players calm and collected. However, NFL referees have to work long hours to earn this money. The NCAA transitioned to the gender-neutral term head line-judge. [46] She is also the first openly bisexual official to work in a major professional football league and in college football. Before every game, the NFL requires that its game balls be tested for inflation. The seven officials in an NFL game include: The referee is the head official and has the final say with all rulings on the field. Some conferences and high school associations discourage the use of the hat in these situations; the bean bag will be used instead. [23] In NCAA Division I FBS, the Center Judge becomes the "Acting Referee" should the referee become injured and unable to continue offiating. Under NFHS rules used in all states except Texas for high school games, announcing the player's number went from "not allowed" to "not required" in 2014. Thomas didn't feel like she had room for advancement in the role. How Do You Referee A Little League Soccer Game? Officials inspect each ball before the game to ensure proper inflation. During instant replay reviews in the NFL, the referee confers with the NFL's replay center in New York City, which makes the final ruling. In addition to the NFLs experimentation with eight-person crews, the NCAA has also used these teams. The penalties for roughing the passer in an NFL football game are complex and are often hard to interpret. Prior to the snap and during the play, each official, by position, has a specific area of responsibility on the field to watch specific player positions and watch for specific fouls. This article is a list of American football officials who have experience working National Football League (NFL) games. The Alliance of American Football used the sky judge, who had the authority to assess penalties (or overturn penalties) for unsafe play, and (within the final five minutes of the fourth quarter) either call or overturn pass interference penalties against either the offense or defense. [6] In addition, officials wore white (or red) "newsboy" style hats. When it comes to the game itself, there are many different roles that need filling outside of the actual soccer team. In 2004, the rules were changed throughout college football to permit the fouling player's number to be announced. Reserve Referees. This position originated in the All-America Football Conference and is the deepest secondary official.
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